Section outline

  • Lesson Goal: Explain the difference between correlation and causation, why traditional ML struggles with causal relationships, and introduce tools of causal inference (experiments and causal models) that are increasingly being integrated with machine learning to create AI that truly understands cause and effect.

    • ·         Micro-topic 22.1: Correlation vs. Causation – Why the Difference Matters (Goal: Ensure students grasp that “correlation does not imply causation,” using relatable examples to show why ML models that only learn correlations can be fooled)

      • Micro-topic 22.2: The Basics of Causal Inference (Goal: Introduce what causal inference means – determining cause-effect relationships – and basic concepts like randomized experiments and causal graphs in simple terms)
      • Micro-topic 22.3: Integrating Causal Thinking into Machine Learning (Goal: Show how causal inference ideas are being used to address ML’s limitations – e.g. improving generalization, fairness, and interpretability by focusing on cause-effect rather than pure correlation)
      • Micro-topic 22.4: Causal Inference in Action – Examples (Goal: Provide tangible examples where causal inference improved ML outcomes or insights, reinforcing the lesson with stories or case studies)
      • Micro-topic 22.5: Looking Ahead – Causal AI’s Role in Your Future (Goal: Conclude the lesson by connecting causal inference to the “win against AI” theme, inspiring students to appreciate that mastering causality gives them a leg up in developing and working with future AI)